ZKurmxtwp34/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Install Usb Modem Di Ubuntu Desktop' title='Install Usb Modem Di Ubuntu Desktop' />When youre away from home all day, whether working or exploring, you need to be prepared for every possible contingency.Perhaps you pack an extra battery pack, or.Differences from previous versions.GRUB 2 is a rewrite of GRUB see History, although it shares many characteristics with the previous version, now known as.The podcast craze of the past several years shows no signs of slowing down, and while every armchair broadcaster with a voice recorder app is eager to get in the game.How to Start Your Own Podcast.The podcast craze of the past several years shows no signs of slowing down, and while every armchair broadcaster with a voice recorder app is eager to get in the game, creating a professional sounding podcast isnt as simple as it might seem.Heres how to create, record, and publish your own basic podcastand get people to listen.This story originally ran in June 2.August 2. 01. 7 with additional reporting from Patrick Austin.You Start, Be Ready to Commit.Before you rush into things, its important to keep in mind that podcasts take a lot of effort to get going.Theyre not just recordings of people talking not the good ones, anyway.Pat Flynn, host of the Smart Passive Income podcast, recommends you treat podcasting the same way you would any other big project Podcasting is extremely fun and exciting, but there is one thing you must do before you start podcasting Commit.You must internally commit to podcasting, as you must do with anything that is potentially beneficial but takes some time and effort to do.Its easy to assume that podcasts are easy to produce because theyre audio only, but dont be fooled.They can take up a lot of time to put together, especially at first.Also, podcasts do best when theyre released consistently.If youre interested in developing any kind of listener base, you have to be ready to release episodes on a regular basis.All in all, podcasting can be fun work, but its still work and should be treated as such.You also shouldnt expect to get rich from podcasting either.Its certainly possible to generate income from podcasting, but that usually requires advertisements and sponsorshipsboth of which youll get after youve built up a listenership big enough to make it worthwhile to advertisers.If youre not interested in starting a podcast for the fun of it or to have your voice heard, you might not get much out of it unless you already have an audience.What Youll Need. You cant start a podcast without equipment, and good equipment will go a long way.Heres what youll need Microphones Any microphone will work for recording your podcast, but listeners can usually tell the difference between low and high quality microphones.If youre not sure what to look for, our list of the five best desktop microphones is a great place to start I use four analog Audio Technica AT2.As you shop around, youll also need to decide whether you want to use a USB or analog XLR microphone.USB mics convert analog sound into digital so you can plug a USB mic directly into any computer and start recording without much hassle, but you could potentially get lower audio quality compared to analog.Considering you dont need any extra tools or devices to record with a USB mic, they can be a little cheaper in the long run.Analog microphones use XLR connectors, which means you need another device to get your audio onto your computer, but you can get higher audio quality and can use them with other sound equipment if you had a PA system or wanted to play live music, for example.Of course, if you have a gaming headset or other basic microphone around, you can easily use that too.Portable XLR Recorder optional If you plan on using analog microphones for your podcast, youll need something that captures your analog audio and converts it to digital.Portable XLR recorders can capture multiple microphone channels and allow you to do basic sound level adjusting and muting on the fly.Audio files automatically get organized and stored on a memory card that you can insert into a card reader or slot in your computer.These are amazing tools, but they can be expensive.You can find them for anywhere between 1.I use a 4. 00 Zoom H6 Handy Recorder with four available analog channels.Audio Interface optional If you want to record directly to your computer with your analog microphones, youll need an audio interface.These devices allow you to plug in one or more analog microphones and will convert the analog audio to digital.Most audio interfaces will connect to your computer via USB or Firewire.Audio interfaces can cost as little as 3.You can see why a USB microphone is a cheaper option.A Computer Any Windows computer or Mac should work fine to record, edit, and upload your podcast.Thankfully, editing audio doesnt take a ton of computing power.Additionally, depending on how you choose to recorddirectly to the computer or onto a dedicated recording deviceyour computer will also need the right ports.USB microphones, for example, will obviously need an open USB port.If youre using analog microphones with a portable XLR recorder or audio interface device, youll need either a 3.USB port, or in some cases, a Firewire port.So before you spend any money on equipment, make sure you have a computer that can support it.Audio Editing Software For the actual recording and editing, youll need a Digital Audio Workstation or DAW, there are a lot of good options out there, but the licenses for some of them can cost a pretty penny, though.Licenses for professional level DAWs like Reason or Pro Tools can cost anywhere between 3.Apps like Hindenburg offer simpler audio editing software for under 1.Reaper is a fully loaded audio production app for 6.Adobes audio editing software Audition CC is available with a 1.Because of that, most people will recommend free open source programs like Audacity when youre just getting started, and thats what well use an example throughout this how to guide.Pop Filters optional The clearer your audio can sound, the better.Pop filters, while not required, are fairly cheap and can keep your plosives from making a nasty sound on your recording.If you dont want to buy any, though, you can make some of your own.You might be thinking that all this equipment is pretty expensive, and youre not wrong.However keep in mind that decent audio equipment will last forever if you take care of it.It may be expensive to get started, but after the initial purchase, youre set.Step One Narrow Your Topic and Find Your Niche.Just like blogs, there are a ton of podcasts out there.That means that you can probably find a podcast about everything under the sun already.Dont get discouragedWhile just about every broad topic is already covered, you just have to find your spin on things to make an old idea something new.Dear Lifehacker, As a side projectexperiment, Ive started my own blog.The problem is, now that I Read more Read.For example, if you wanted to make a podcast about music, ask yourself if theres an audience out there for what you want to talk about.Maybe you narrow your idea down from music in general to bluegrass specifically.Now your coverage is specific the music, people, and culture of bluegrass.Once you have your topic narrowed down, it helps to add a spin to it.Maybe you talk about bluegrass music and culture while sipping moonshine with your co hosts.Its kind of true that everything has been done before, but it hasnt all been done the way you would do it.So find an angle thats personally interesting and youll be better off.Step Two Download, Install, and Set Up Audacity.As mentioned earlier, Audacity is a great DAW for podcasting beginners.Its open source, free to use as long as you like, and is available for Windows, OS X, and Linux.Before you can jump into recording, however, there are a few tricks to getting it all set up properly Download Audacity 2.Connect your microphone and open Audacity.See if your microphone is being recognized by Audacity by checking the drop down menu next to the small microphone icon.If you see your mic, go ahead and select it.In the top left corner, you should see the pause, play, stop, skip back, skip forward, and record buttons.Click the record button and talk into your mic to make sure its working properly.Stop recording and playback what you just recorded to make sure everything sounds okay.Youll want to export your audio in the MP3 format later on.In order to do that, youll need to download and install the Lame MP3 encoder for either Windows or Mac.Once thats installed, close and reopen Audacity.Record yourself talking for a few seconds like before, then go to File, then Export Audio, and select MP3 Files in the Save as type dropdown menu.Name your file something simple like test.Find the MP3 file on your desktop and try playing it in your MP3 player of choice, just to make sure everything is working properly.GNU GRUB Manual 2.GNU GRUB Manual 2.Table of Contents.GNU GRUB manual. This is the documentation of GNU GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader.This edition documents version 2.This manual is for GNU GRUB version 2.April 2. 01. 7. Copyright 1.Free Software Foundation, Inc.Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document.GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.Free Software Foundation with no.Invariant Sections.Introduction to GRUB1.Overview. Briefly, a boot loader is the first software program that runs when.It is responsible for loading and transferring.Linux or. GNU Mach.The kernel, in turn, initializes the rest of the operating.GNU system. GNU GRUB is a very powerful boot loader, which can load a wide variety.GRUB is designed to.One of the important features in GRUB is flexibility GRUB understands.Thus you can load the kernel.When booting with GRUB, you can use either a command line interface.Command line interface, or a menu interface see Menu interface.Using the command line interface, you type the drive.In the menu. interface, you just select an OS using the arrow keys.The menu is. based on a configuration file which you prepare beforehand.Configuration. While in the menu, you can switch to the.You can even edit menu entries.In the following chapters, you will learn how to specify a drive, a.Naming convention to GRUB, how to.GRUB on your drive see Installation, and how to boot your.OSes see Booting, step by step.History of GRUBGRUB originated in 1.Erich Boleyn was trying to boot the GNU.Hurd with the University of Utahs Mach 4 microkernel now known as GNU.Mach. Erich and Brian Ford designed the Multiboot Specification.Motivation in The Multiboot.Specification, because they were determined not to add to the large.PC boot methods. Erich then began modifying the Free.BSD boot loader so that it would.Multiboot. He soon realized that it would be a lot easier.Free. BSD boot loader, and so GRUB was born.Erich added many features to GRUB, but other priorities prevented him.In. 1. 99. 9, Gordon Matzigkeit and Yoshinori K.Okuji adopted GRUB as an.GNU package, and opened its development by making the latest.CVS. See Obtaining and Building GRUB, for more information.Over the next few years, GRUB was extended to meet many needs, but it.Around 2. 00. 2. Yoshinori K.Okuji started work on PUPA Preliminary Universal Programming.Architecture for GNU GRUB, aiming to rewrite the core of GRUB to make it.PUPA was eventually renamed.GRUB 2, and the original version of GRUB was renamed to GRUB Legacy.Small amounts of maintenance continued to be done on GRUB Legacy, but the.By around 2. 00. 7, GNULinux distributions started to use GRUB 2 to limited.Differences from previous versions.GRUB 2 is a rewrite of GRUB see History, although it shares many.GRUB Legacy. Users.GRUB Legacy may need some guidance to find their way around this new.The configuration file has a new name grub.Configuration and.Commands. Configuration cannot be copied over.GRUB Legacy users should not find the syntax too.Simple configuration.This makes it. easier to handle versioned kernel upgrades.Partition numbers in GRUB device names now start at 1, not 0 see Naming convention.The configuration file is now written in something closer to a full.A small amount of persistent storage is available across reboots, using the.GRUB and the. grub editenv utility.This is not available in all configurations.Environment block.GRUB 2 has more reliable ways to find its own files and those of target.Universally Unique Identifiers UUIDs.GRUB 2 is available for several other types of system in addition to the PC.BIOS systems supported by GRUB Legacy PC EFI, PC coreboot, Power.PC, SPARC. and MIPS Lemote Yeeloong are all supported.Many more file systems are supported, including but not limited to ext.HFS, and NTFS. GRUB 2 can read files directly from LVM and RAID devices.A graphical terminal and a graphical menu system are available.GRUB 2s interface can be translated, including menu entry names.The image files see Images that make up GRUB have been reorganised.Stage 1, Stage 1.Stage 2 are no more.GRUB 2 puts many facilities in dynamically loaded modules, allowing the core.GRUB features. The primary requirement for GRUB is that it be compliant with the.Multiboot Specification, which is described in Motivation in The Multiboot Specification.The other goals, listed in approximate order of importance, are.Basic functions must be straightforward for end users.Rich functionality to support kernel experts and designers.Backward compatibility for booting Free.BSD, Net. BSD, Open.BSD, and. Linux. Proprietary kernels such as DOS, Windows NT, and OS2 are.Except for specific compatibility modes chain loading and the Linux.Multiboot Specification.Only kernels loaded at 1 megabyte.Any attempt to load below that.In addition to the requirements above, GRUB has the following features.Multiboot Specification doesnt require all the features.GRUB supports. Recognize multiple executable formats.Support many of the a.ELF. Symbol. tables are also loaded.Support non Multiboot kernels.Support many of the various free 3.Multiboot. compliance primarily Free.BSD, Net. BSD2. Open.BSD, and Linux. Chain loading of other boot loaders is also.Load multiples modules.Fully support the Multiboot feature of loading multiple modules.Load a configuration file.Support a human readable text configuration file with preset boot.You can also load another configuration file dynamically and.GRUB image file. The list of.Commands are a superset of those supported on the.An example configuration file is provided in.Provide a menu interface.A menu interface listing preset boot commands, with a programmable.There is no fixed limit on the number of boot.Have a flexible command line interface.A fairly flexible command line interface, accessible from the menu.If no configuration file is present, GRUB drops to.The list of commands see Commands are a subset of those supported.Editing commands closely resembles the Bash.Command Line Editing in Bash Features, with TAB completion of commands.Support multiple filesystem types.Support multiple filesystem types transparently, plus a useful explicit.The currently supported filesystem types are Amiga.Fast File. System AFFS, Athe.OS fs, Be. FS. Btr.FS including raid.Linux ext. 2ext. DOS FAT1.FAT1. FAT3. 2, ex.FAT, HFS. HFS, ISO9.Joliet, Rock ridge and multi chunk files.JFS, Minix fs versions 1, 2 and 3, nilfs. Best Antivirus Software For Asus . NTFS including compression, Reiser.FS, ROMFS. Amiga Smart File.System SFS, Squash.UDF. BSD UFSUFS2, XFS, and ZFS including lzjb, g AES CCM and AES GCM.See Filesystem, for more information.Support automatic decompression.Can decompress files which were compressed by gzip or.This function is both automatic and transparent to the user.This greatly reduces a file size and loading time, a.It is conceivable that some kernel modules should be loaded in a.Access data on any installed device.Support reading data from any or all floppies or hard disks recognized.BIOS, independent of the setting of the root device.Be independent of drive geometry translations.Unlike many other boot loaders, GRUB makes the particular drive.A drive installed and running with one.GRUBs configuration.Detect all installed RAMGRUB can generally find all the installed RAM on a PC compatible.It uses an advanced BIOS query technique for finding all.As described on the Multiboot Specification see Motivation in The Multiboot.Specification, not all kernels make use of this information, but GRUB.Support Logical Block Address mode.In traditional disk calls called CHS mode, there is a geometry.BIOS cannot access over 1.MB and to. at most 8.GB. GRUB cant universally solve this problem, as there is no.However, several newer machines.Logical Block Address LBA mode.GRUB. automatically detects if LBA mode is available and uses it if.In LBA mode, GRUB can access the entire disk.Support network booting.GRUB is basically a disk based boot loader but also has network.You can load OS images from a network by using the TFTP.Support remote terminals.To support computers with no console, GRUB provides remote terminal.GRUB from a remote host.Only serial. terminal support is implemented at the moment.The role of a boot loader.The following is a quotation from Gordon Matzigkeit, a GRUB fanatic.
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